This study investigated the impact of anthropogenic activities on water quality in the Onuimo section of the Imo River, located in southeastern Nigeria. Weekly water samples were collected over a twelve-week period (May to July 2017) from four sampling stations along the river. A range of water parameters was measured, including temperature, transparency, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). The levels of key heavy metals were also analyzed to assess pollution levels.

Temperature analysis revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) across the stations, except in May. Transparency, however, showed significant variations (p < 0.05) between stations, except in July. pH levels did not significantly differ (p > 0.05) among stations in July. Station C consistently exhibited significant differences (p < 0.05) from other stations throughout the sampling period, suggesting localized impacts from anthropogenic sources.

Heavy metal concentrations did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) among stations during the study period. However, the results indicate potential anthropogenic influences on the river system, as evidenced by variations in water parameters and the general state of pollution, particularly at Station C.

This study highlights the impact of human activities on water quality, particularly in regions subject to effluent discharge and other environmental stressors. Monitoring and mitigation strategies are essential to safeguard aquatic ecosystems and ensure sustainable water quality in the Imo River