Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the livelihoods of many African nations, including Nigeria, where it contributes significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and engages a substantial portion of the population. However, climate change and variability pose formidable challenges to the agricultural sector, especially in developing countries. This study examines the intricate relationship between climate change and agriculture in Nigeria, with a focus on its impact on the livelihoods of rural farming communities. Climate change is a global phenomenon, and its repercussions are acutely felt in the agricultural sector, particularly in regions like sub-Saharan Africa. This vulnerability is exacerbated by the heavy dependence of Nigerian agriculture on climate patterns. Changes in climate variables, such as temperature and rainfall, directly affect agricultural productivity, potentially leading to food insecurity and economic hardship. In this context, we explore the specific challenges faced by rural farming households and communities in Nigeria due to climate variability. The study highlights the need for adaptive strategies and policies to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on agriculture and ensure the sustainability of rural livelihoods.