This research paper assesses the hydropower potential in Sub-Saharan Africa, examining opportunities, challenges, and mitigation strategies for sustainable development. Through a systematic review of existing literature and data, the study evaluates the region's hydrological resources, existing infrastructure, and untapped potential. Key findings highlight the significant role of hydropower in addressing energy access, reliability, and affordability challenges, while also identifying environmental, social, technological, and financial constraints. Mitigation strategies, including environmental and social impact assessments, stakeholder engagement, advanced technologies, and supportive policy frameworks, are proposed to address these challenges. Recommendations for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and development practitioners aim to promote sustainable hydropower development and maximize its socioeconomic benefits. Future research directions include exploring the impacts of climate change, enhancing social acceptance and equity, advancing technological innovation, and reforming policy and governance frameworks. By addressing these challenges and leveraging opportunities, Sub-Saharan African countries can harness the full potential of hydropower to achieve sustainable energy development and improve the well-being of their populations.