Supracondylar fractures are the most common type of elbow injury in children, accounting for one-sixteenth of all pediatric fractures and two-thirds of pediatric elbow injuries requiring hospitalization. These fractures predominantly affect children aged 6–7 years, a period when the distal humerus is more susceptible due to its structural characteristics. The elbow joint, a synovial joint connecting the humerus, ulna, and radius, plays a crucial role in upper limb mobility. Its unique anatomical features, including the gradual ossification of its components, make it particularly vulnerable to injury during the remodeling phase between ages 6 and 7. The supracondylar region of the distal humerus is especially prone to fractures due to its thin and more delicate cortex at this stage of development. This review examines the anatomical vulnerabilities that contribute to the high incidence of supracondylar fractures in children, as well as the implications for treatment and management