Abstract

<p>Climate change presents an existential threat to biodiversity, food security, and human livelihoods, with agricultural systems being both contributors to and victims of this global crisis. Rising global temperatures and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods, and storms, significantly affect agricultural productivity. Agriculture is responsible for nearly 20% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, contributing to climate change through practices like livestock farming, rice paddies, and the use of synthetic fertilizers. Simultaneously, climate change exacerbates agricultural vulnerabilities by altering precipitation patterns, shifting growing seasons, and facilitating the spread of pests and diseases. To address these challenges, a transition towards more sustainable and resilient agricultural practices is essential. Organic farming, which emphasizes ecological balance and soil health, presents a promising solution. Organic farming practices, including crop rotations, green manures, and composting, can enhance soil structure, promote biodiversity, and improve nutrient cycling. These practices not only reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides but also lower GHG emissions associated with their production and use. Furthermore, organic farming has been shown to increase soil carbon sequestration, helping mitigate the effects of climate change by storing carbon in soils and reducing atmospheric CO₂ levels. This paper discusses the role of organic farming in enhancing agricultural sustainability and resilience in the face of climate change.</p>