Abstract

<p>This study examines the role of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) and agroecology in enhancing agricultural resilience and food security amid climate change in Africa. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, case studies, and policy frameworks, the research explores the implementation of these adaptive strategies across the continent and assesses their effectiveness. The findings highlight that CSA techniques, such as drought-resistant crop varieties, water-efficient irrigation, and soil management practices, have shown promising benefits in improving agricultural productivity and resilience. However, the widespread adoption of these techniques remains hindered by limited access to finance, inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient extension services. Similarly, agroecological approaches, including crop diversification, agroforestry, and organic farming, have proven effective in promoting sustainable practices and enhancing biodiversity but face significant challenges due to policies and institutional frameworks that favor large-scale industrial agriculture. The study recommends scaling up CSA and agroecology by improving access to financing, technology, and farmer training programs. It also advocates for policy reforms that support agroecological practices and climate adaptation, alongside increased investment in research and development. Moreover, fostering multi-stakeholder collaborations, including public-private partnerships, is critical to overcoming institutional barriers and ensuring effective implementation. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for integrated policy frameworks that combine the strengths of CSA and agroecology to create a resilient, sustainable, and food-secure agricultural sector in Africa. By addressing both environmental and socioeconomic challenges, these strategies offer a viable pathway to mitigating climate change impacts on African agriculture, ensuring long-term food security and sustainable development.</p>