Abstract

<p>This study investigates the spatial distribution and variation in mobile phone network quality across Dutsin-Ma Town, a region characterized by irregular topography, inselbergs, and extensive rock outcrops. The objective was to assess how environmental and terrain-related factors influence mobile network performance. Using a systematic grid sampling technique, data were collected from fifty strategically selected locations using smartphones to measure Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) signal strength for four major network providers: MTN, GLOBACOM, AIRTEL, and ETISALAT. To validate the findings from a user perspective, 100 structured questionnaires were also administered to residents.</p>
<p>Results revealed that network quality in Dutsin-Ma is predominantly suboptimal, with 48% of the town experiencing average signal quality and 36% classified as poor. Only 16% of sampled locations demonstrated good network coverage. Questionnaire data showed that MTN is the most preferred provider among residents (43%), largely due to its relatively better performance in rocky and elevated areas. Areas such as Motel, Gidan Ruwa, and Hayin Gada—situated at moderate elevations between 512–578 meters—reported the strongest signal strength. In contrast, regions like Unguwar Alkali and Unguwar Wakaji recorded the poorest signal performance, attributed largely to challenging terrain features.</p>
<p>Interestingly, the study also noted some exceptions to the general trend, where network quality for providers like GLOBACOM and AIRTEL improved with elevation in specific locations such as Kadangaru and Makarantar Gabas. Furthermore, rugged terrain and rocky outcrops were found to hinder the installation and optimization of network infrastructure, particularly masts, thereby exacerbating connectivity issues in the affected areas.</p>
<p>The research concludes that elevation, terrain ruggedness, and landscape features significantly influence mobile network distribution in Dutsin-Ma. It recommends improved land use and town planning policies that facilitate equitable placement of network infrastructure, ensuring enhanced signal quality across all parts of the town.</p>