IMPACTS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON HUMAN HEALTH AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN ABUJA, NIGERIA

Abstract

Urban areas in Abuja metropolis have experienced significant temperature variability, with high daytime temperatures posing serious risks to public health and urban livelihoods. The impact of elevated temperatures is particularly severe in densely populated zones, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations such as the elderly, infants, children, and individuals with chronic illnesses. Contributing factors include vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and the combustion of fossil fuels, which release pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, benzene, and formaldehyde. These pollutants exacerbate respiratory and other health issues while increasing energy demand due to prolonged heat spells. The urban heat island (UHI) effect, intensified by high-rise buildings and dense infrastructure, further elevates temperatures by absorbing and re-emitting solar heat, reducing natural cooling provided by vegetation and water bodies. Additionally, UHI impacts environmental quality by degrading air and water resources, putting stress on ecosystems. The conversion of natural land cover, including scrubland, grassland, wetlands, and barren areas, into built-up surfaces amplifies the intensity of heat accumulation. This study evaluates the interplay between temperature variability and its effects on health and economic activities in Abuja metropolis from 2019 to 2024, highlighting the socio-environmental consequences of urbanization and industrialization. Findings underscore the need for integrated urban planning, green infrastructure, and sustainable energy strategies to mitigate heat-related risks and improve urban resilience.